Internal combustion engine



. Jan. 2, 1934. F. c. RUSSELL ET AL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 25, 1931 Patented Jan. 2,-1934 I w UNITED STATES PATENTIJOFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Frederick Clifton Russell, Altrincham, and John 11:21:! Bradbury, Ashton-on-Mersey, Eng- Application November 25, 1931, Serial No. 577,282, igglin Great Britain and Ireland February 5, 6 Claims. (Cl. 123-32.)

This invention relates to internal combustion The invention is based upon careful observa-' engines of the kind having a combustion 'chamtion of internal combustion engines of the type of her into which an air charge isdriven and comwhich the invention is an improvement, from pressed by the piston and into which charge the which it was believed that the use of a revolving combustible fluidis injected, the combustion air charge inthe combustion chamber, while it- 60 chamber being shaped and the air and fuel inlets self being an improvement, had the result of esthereto positioned so that the charges enter tantablishing, as it were, three zones within the gentially in a swirling motion, and in which also combustion chamber. These zones were, (a) ,a the piston is provided with an extension adapted slow speed high pressure dense outer zone,. i. e.

10 to enter a passage between the cylinder and comthat outside the line i and next the wall of the 65 bustion chamber, so as to form a restricted paschamber, its speed being reduced by the scrubbing sage through which the last portion of the air action against the wall of the chamber, (b) an charge is injected at a higher velocity (hereinintermediate higher speed zone of moderate presafter referred to as the injected air stream), sure, i. e. that between the lines 2' and'a', and

16 creating an accelerated revolution ,of the charge (0) a central pocket or core, -i. e. that within the '79 in the combustion chamber to assist combustion. line 7', in which there is the highest temperature In engines of the above kind the fuel has been but slowest motion. It was believed that the air injected through the periphery of the accelerated in the outer zone was not being properly utilized, revolving stream of air charge. I the fuel not breaking through into the dense 20 According to the invention the combustion 'mass of the high pressure zone, and that .the 75 chamber is shaped to provide a relatively short velocity of the accelerated portion of the zone axis of revolution and the, fuel and air are in- 1 (b) was causing the fuel to be thrown against the jected relatively off-set therein so that substandense zone preventing it from mixing therewith. tially separate coaxial side-by-side co-directional The features of the present invention are prorevolving streams of air and fuel are formed. vided to meet these deductions. In the first place, Inthe accompanying drawing: the injected air streams of which there will Fig.1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of usually be two, are respectively placed near the one example of the invention. side walls of the chamber where they have the Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1'. effect of rupturing the high pressure zone (a). Fig. 3 is a plan of a modification. The convex side walls of the chamber reduce the Fig. 4 is a plan of a further modification. pocket or core -(c) and concentrate and control- Figs. 5, 6 and I are further repeat sectional the high temperature vortex therein. The relaviews illustrating the operation of the invention. tively oflE-set fuel injection stream being laterally As shown in the drawing, a is the engine cylindisposed to, or between the divided accelerated der, b is the cylinder piston, c is the cylinder head portion of the intermediate zone enables the fuel 90 and d is the off-set combustion chamber; e is the to mix'with the ruptured high pressure zone, and fuel injector, f is the extension of the piston also avoids contact of the fuel with the walls of f 1 are the passages in the extension, 71 is the the chamber, and provides substantially separated passage between the cylinder and combustion coaxial side-by-side and co-directional streams- 4o chamber, andh h are the passages formed in of revolution of air and fuel. 5 the passage h. I Although, as illustrated, divided air streams are As will be observed in the example shown in preferable, the advantage is jobtained by reason Figs. 1 and 2, twolaterally disposed passages of the off-set disposition of the air and fuel stream F, f are provided in the piston extension, wherein combination with the shortened axis of revoluas in Fig. 3 these are displaced by two laterally tion. The provision of a single laterally disposed, disposed passages h 11. in the passage h. InFig. (i. e. off-set) air jet stream with the shortened 4 the passages for the injection of the air consist axis of revolution, istherefore, within the present both of passages 1 f and h, h in cooperative invention and was the first form in whichthe arrangement. v invention was tested. I 1

As shown in Figs. 5, 6 and '7, lines 1 and 7' are The exact position and direction of injection shown representing the divisions between zones of the fuel appears to, have little effect on the of action in the combustion chamber, arrows k eificiency of the combustion, providing it-is later-' and I being also shown to indicate the path of ally of, 'or between the accelerated part or parts theinjected air stream and of the fuel respecof the intermediate zone and provided the 55 tively. shortened axis of revolution is obtained. If the fuel injection is brought to one side or the other separate ignition chamber shaped substantially as a volume of revolution 'with a tangential inlet passage communicating with the engine cylinder, into which passage'a projection on the engine piston is adapted to enter, restricting the same so as to deliver the last portion of the charge tan gentially into the chamber as-a jet with relatively accelerated velocity; an inwardly directed fuel injection jet in the periphery of the ignition chamber arranged in a zone of revolution off set axially from the zone of revolution into which the jet of the accelerated charge is directed.

2. In .an internal combustion engine having a separate ignition chamber shaped substantially as a volume of revolution with a tangential inlet passage communicating with the engine cylinder, into which passage a projection on the engine piston is adapted toenter, restricting the same so as to deliver the last portion of the charge tangentially into the chamber as a jet with relatively accelerated velocity; an inwardly directed fuel injection jet in the periphery of the ignition chamber arranged ina zone of revolution off set axially from the zone of revolution into which the jet of the accelerated charge is directed and inwardly directed convex end walls to the ignition chamber.

3. In an internal combustion engine having a separate ignition chamber shaped substantially as a volume of revolution with a tangentialinlet passage communicating with the engine cylinder, into which passage a projection on the engine piston is adapted to enter, restricting the same so as to deliver the last portion of the charge tangentially into the chamber as a jet with relatively accelerated velocity; an inwardly directed fuel injection jet in the periphery of the ignition chamber arranged in a zoneof revolution ofi set axially from the zone of revolution into which 'the jet of the accelerated charge is directed and a cylindrical inner peripheral wall to the ignition chamber. r

4. In an internal combustion engine having a separate ignition chamber shaped substantially as a volume of revolution with a tangential inlet passage communicating with the engine cylinder, into which passage a projection on the engine piston is adapted to enter, restricting the same so as to deliver the last portion of the charge tangentially into the chamber as a jet with relatively accelerated velocity; and inwardly directed fuel injection jet in the periphery of the ignition chamber arranged in a zone of revolution off set axially from the zone of revolution into which the jet of the accelerated charge is directed, inwardly directed convex end walls and a cylindrical inner peripheral wall to the ignition chamber.

5. In an internal combustion engine having a separate ignition chamber shaped substantially as a volume of revolution with end walls and with a tangential inlet communicating with the engine cylinder, into which passage a projection on the engine piston is adapted to enter restricting the same so as to deliver the last portion of the charge into the chamber as a jet with relatively accelerated velocity relatively shaped communicating passage and piston projection to provide two substantially separate "accelerated jets tangentially directed into zones of revolution adjacent to the end walls of the ignition chamber and a fuel injection jet in the periphery of the ignition chamberarranged in and directed internally into a zone of revolution between the two zones of revolutionaforesaid.

6. In an internal combustion engine having a separate ignition chamber shaped substantially as a volume of revolution with end walls and with'a tangential inlet communicating withthe engine cylinder, into which passage a projection on the engine piston is adapted to enter restricting the same so as to deliver the last portion of the charge into the chamber as. a jet with relawalls and a cylindrical inner peripheral wall to the ignition chamber. 7

FREDERICK CLIFTON RUSSELL. .JOHN HENRY BRADBURY. 

